comparative syntax two language one grammar previously post text another mail list participant list read linguist urge post here contribution comparative syntax discussion text below set off leave margin draw man s many voice language cultural context robbin burl york holt rhinehart winston isbn john gumperz examine colloquial dialect marathus kannada village along maharastra mysore boundary central indium where two language direct contact marathus indo aryan language while kannada dravidian historically two language back utterly different antecedent indo aryan dravidian language contact indium several thousand long influence one another along border mutual influence profound village study gumperz most speaker feel themselve bilingual two village dialect share large part grammar one almost doubt whether count separate language consider example follow sentence kannada hog w nd kudrus turg mar aw t nd tag verb suff adj noun noun verb suff pron verb marathus ja un ek ghora corus kar un tew anlum english one horse theft bring idiomatic english steal horse bring back morpheme kannada sentence different those marathus sentence accord identical grammatical principle sentence identical constituent structure morpheme occur same order same kind suffix attach same kind base sentence seem means atypical village usage fact one plausibly suggest two language indeed two language same grammar differ item fill surface form one translate one language another simply substitute one set lexical item another surface structure both marathus kannada village differ literary educate style same language both show relate standard form accord usual criterion linguist recognize genetic affiliation yet village dialect undergo profound mutual grammatical influence almost obscure boundary between two language curiously case lexicon maintain separation after consider effect marathus kannada upon each one hardly maintain lexicon alway easiest component language borrow true genetic affiliation necessarily show underlie grammar burl s bibliography refer follow article read gumperz john j communication multilingual community s tyler ed cognitive anthropology york holt rhinehart winston john cowan share account lojbab access digex net e osaus ko sarjus la lojban 