book review cheng typology wh question cheng lisa laus shen typology wh question outstand dissertation linguistic sery garland publish york london page review kerstin hoge university oxford introduction book originally write author s ph d dissertation attempt account full range crosslinguistic variation single multiple whquestion aim cheng propose clausal type hypothesis postulate parameter identification type sentence whquestion achieve either question particle overt whmovement first part book chapter discuss clausal type hypothesis prediction implication analysis whin situ language single movement language optional movement language multiple front language data multiple front language lead cheng investigation interpretation inherent property whword number language mark transition second part book chapter shift focus whword quantificational phenomenon mandarin chinese cheng s book provide extensive overview difference exhibit across language respect whquestion formation present interest attempt unify two previously separate approach whmovement argue both property c whword themselve responsible observe typological distinction synopsis chapter present general aim outline book briefly introduce phrase structure mandarin chinese feature prominently book example whin situ language chapter introduce clausal type hypothesis cheng observe language allow whin situ single question invariably overt marking particle matrix yesno question language overt yesno question particle whquestion particle need overt question particle overt whmovement both identify clause interrogative thus mutually exclusive account generalisation cheng propose clause type s structure either whparticle overt whmovement crucially both one language cf clausal type hypothesis every clause need type case type whquestion either whparticle c else front whword spec c thereby type clause through c spec head agreement cheng two available strategy illustrate mandarin chinese english respectively mandarin chinese satisfy clausal type basegenerate whparticle c consequently whphrase stay insitu overt whmovement rule principle economy derivation chomsky accord movement costly merge resort operation applicable clausal type achieve otherwise lf whphrase move speccp scope selection absorption purpose english overt whmovement satisfy clausal type e c acquire wh feature xp specifier clausal type hypothesis further require cheng follow assumption respect english subject whphrase must undergo overt movement contra vacuous movement hypothesis ius q morpheme wh feature basegenerate c iius whether question particle chapter discuss optional multiple whfront language present challenge clausal type hypothesis optional front language appear both mode clausal type e allow whfront although whparticle possibility whin situ using egyptian arabic bahasa indonesium palauan language investigation cheng argue question front whphrase optional front language instantiate overt whmovement display clear similarity cleave topicalisation structure thus front whargument basegenerate subject reduce cleave construction while front whadjunct undergo topicalisation optional front language straightforward insitu language satisfy clausal type basegenerate whparticle matrix c multiple front language appear violate principle economy derivation whphrase must move s structure although clausal type satisfy single whmovement extend nishigauchus s analysis japanese whword cheng suggest bare whword multiple front language similar indefinite e lack inherent quantificational force simply introduce variable semantic representation must bind element sentence thus surprise interpretation whword multiple front language vary context example polish whword interpret interrogative front receive d iscourse link read insitu polarity item yesno question conditional sentence form morphological base indefinite fill whole paradigm person place cheng argue four different reading arise four different binder determine quantificational force bare whword wh context schematise binder reading polish wh word wh bind overt d eterminer existential read b wh bind null d interrogative force interrogative read c wh bind existential closure polarity read d wh bind wh c d link read null determiner contribute interrogative quantificational force need license identify feature match wh c s structure thus satisfy license requirement null determiner whphrase multiple front language move position govern c chapter contain discussion rudin s proposal distinguish between multiple front language allow multiply fill speccp e g bulgarian romanian those where speccp host one whphrase whphrase ip adjoin e g polish czech here cheng propose replace rudin s ecp style account superiority effect analysis derive s hortest movement condition account observe subject adjunct object adjunct ordering whphrase bulgarian type language moreover suggest analyse ip adjunction q uantifier r aise thus clausebound thereby rule multiple whextraction embed clause polish type language chapter cheng examine whword mandarin chinese analysis polarity item require both trigger binder interpretation cf wh word mandarin chinese read trigger binder interrogative whparticle whparticle unselective binder polarity yesno particle existential closure negation unselective binder universal dou dou selective binder thus whword interpret interrogative license whparticle bind contribute interrogative force polarity read trigger yesno particle negation binder whword introduce existential closure apply element inside vp follow whword affective context cannot occur subject position specaspp position external vp therefore scope existential closure cheng further argue indefinite mandarin chinese lack inherent quantificational force must bind existential closure consequence indefinite cannot occur subject position unless aspp complement modal act binder indefinite subject second half chapter discussion universal quantifier dou cheng analysis quantificational adverb basegenerate asp v adjunct lf distributor dou adjoin associate movement clausebound leave trace must antecedentgovern dou selective binder license one np move closest element trigger chapter deal multiple quantification interaction between wh quantifier phrase mandarin chinese english mandarin chinese scope relation between quantify phrase alway reflect surface order cheng explain lack scope ambiguity result fact neither indefinite nor universally quantify phrase undergo qr interpretation question contain universally quantify phrase meus nps appear sensitive presence quantificational adverb dou wherea question contain meus np without dou individual read question meus np license dou allow both individual pairlist read cf meige ren dou maile shenme every cl person buyasp everyone buy thing everyone buy b every x thing x buy cheng ambiguity however result different scope relation rather cheng argue pairlist read due distributive read meus np create association distributor dou scope reconstruction frampton whphrase site intermediate vp adjoin trace cheng adopt analysis english whquantifier interaction possible dou create barrier intermediate trace therefore delete lf cheng s analysis whquantifier interaction mandarin chinese rest assumption whphrase move lf discuss both argument favour lf movement aoun li s claim insitu whphrase move lf since modify need associate overt element ccommand domain cheng argue whphrase modify must d link interpretation therefore constitute evidence against lf movement further note reinhart s observation d link whphrase move properly interpret suggest movement place post lf level chapter conclude discussion land site lf movement cheng identify speccp contra mahajan comment cheng s book occupy place mark onset minimalist approach syntactic theory while assume barrier framework chomsky disjunctive ecp derive locality condition dou lack scope reconstruction whquantifier interaction principle economy derivation central argumentation prohibit language both strategy clausal type account superiority effect bulgarian force movement closest whphrase occur first preclude lf lower indefinite subject mandarin chinese since alternative derivation generate structure modal binder moreover rule multiple whmovement clausal type thus require cheng account multiple front language result license requirement whword earlier multiple front show correlate ability whword form morphological base indefinite nps however appear language indefinite derive whword display multiple front german prefix whword irgend s ome form indefinite fill whole paradigm person place german wer irgendwer s omeone wo where irgendwo s omewhere wann irgendwann s ometime irgendwa s omethe moreover bare whexpression polarity item yesno question conditional e g hast du wen angerufen whom call did call anybody wenn du wen anrufen willst musst du mir bescheid sagen whom call want must letknow want call anybody must let morphological form possible reading german whword thus mirror situation polish whword describe cheng german polish common neither language question particle under cheng s analysis must therefore overt whmovement clausal type however wherea polish fulfil cheng s prediction front whphrase multiple question german move one whword clauseinitial position cf wer hat wen angerufen whom call call whom b wer wen hat angerufen whom call yiddish present reverse problem allow multiple whmovement derive indefinite whword morphologically transparent cf ver emetser s omeone vu where erget vu s omewhere ven mol s ometime vo epe s omethe thing worse multiple front optional yiddish wh phrase stay insitu without necessarily d link read cf ver veman hot ongeklungen whom call call whom b ver hot ongeklungen veman call whom call whom german yiddish thus appear direct counterexample cheng s analysis multiple front language note context french often cite example optional movement language fall outside cheng s analysis acknowledge book fn french question particle therefore insitu language nevertheless allow whword remain insitu single matrix question possible account optional whmovement french postulate french possess both nonovert yesno particle nonovert whparticle french satisfy clausal type basegenerate whparticle c whphrase stay insitu movement whphrase clauseinitial position due another attractor focus obligatorily present whatever appeal analysis hold point problem allow nonovert question particle while expect overt whparticle language without yesno particle stop us assume language allow whword stay insitu question particle even phonologically overt evidence claim cheng s proposal relate whin situ availability nonovert whparticle thus ultimately turn too permissive theory another problem arise cheng s approach superiority effect bulgarian type language note cheng explain superiority effect violation principle economy derivation given adverb most embed position adjunct argument ordering rule movement argument shorter movement must therefore place before adjunct move speccp however observe boskovic bulgarian question contain two front whphrase display superiority effect respect topmost whphrase freely order contrary prediction cheng s approach comment aside cheng s book commend extremely write clearly present work fully comprehensible even reader familiar literature mandarin chinese syntax heim s theory indefinite book ambitious scope discuss wide range language undoubtedly important contribution study whmovement reference aoun j li wh element situ syntax lf linguistic inquiry boskovic z certain violation superiority condition agro economy derivation journal linguistic chomsky n barrier cambridge mass mit press chomsky n note economy derivation representation mitwpl functional head clause structure reprint principle parameter comparative grammar ed r freidin cambridge mass mit press frampton j fine structure whmovement proper formulation ecp ms northeastern university heim semantic definite indefinite noun phrase ph d dissertation university massachusett amherst mahajan bar distinction movement theory ph d dissertation mit nishigauchus t quantification theory grammar dordrecht kluwer reinhart t interpret whin situ ms rudin c multiple question multiple wh front natural language linguistic theory kerstin hoge d phil student linguistics university oxford research interest include syntactic theory yiddish 